Note

This page is a reference documentation. It only explains the class signature, and not how to use it. Please refer to the user guide for the big picture.

nilearn.decomposition.DictLearning

class nilearn.decomposition.DictLearning(n_components=20, n_epochs=1, alpha=10, reduction_ratio='auto', dict_init=None, random_state=None, batch_size=20, method='cd', mask=None, smoothing_fwhm=4, standardize=True, detrend=True, low_pass=None, high_pass=None, t_r=None, target_affine=None, target_shape=None, mask_strategy='epi', mask_args=None, n_jobs=1, verbose=0, memory=None, memory_level=0)

Perform a map learning algorithm based on spatial component sparsity, over a CanICA initialization.

This yields more stable maps than CanICA.

See Mensch et al.[1].

Added in version 0.2.

Parameters:

maskNiimg-like object or MultiNiftiMasker instance, optional

Mask to be used on data. If an instance of masker is passed, then its mask will be used. If no mask is given, it will be computed automatically by a MultiNiftiMasker with default parameters.

n_componentsint, default=20

Number of components to extract.

batch_sizeint, default=20

The number of samples to take in each batch.

n_epochsfloat, default=1

Number of epochs the algorithm should run on the data.

alphafloat, default=10

Sparsity controlling parameter.

dict_initNiimg-like object, optional

Initial estimation of dictionary maps. Would be computed from CanICA if not provided.

reduction_ratio‘auto’ or float between 0. and 1., default=’auto’

• Between 0. or 1. : controls data reduction in the temporal domain. 1. means no reduction, < 1. calls for an SVD based reduction.

• if set to ‘auto’, estimator will set the number of components per reduced session to be n_components.

method{‘cd’, ‘lars’}, default=’cd’

Coding method used by sklearn backend. Below are the possible values. lars: uses the least angle regression method to solve the lasso problem (linear_model.lars_path) cd: uses the coordinate descent method to compute the Lasso solution (linear_model.Lasso). Lars will be faster if the estimated components are sparse.

random_stateint or RandomState, optional

Pseudo number generator state used for random sampling.

smoothing_fwhmfloat, optional.

If smoothing_fwhm is not None, it gives the full-width at half maximum in millimeters of the spatial smoothing to apply to the signal. Default=4mm.

standardizeboolean, default=True

If standardize is True, the time-series are centered and normed: their variance is put to 1 in the time dimension.

detrendboolean, default=True

If detrend is True, the time-series will be detrended before components extraction.

target_affine3x3 or 4x4 matrix, optional

This parameter is passed to image.resample_img. Please see the related documentation for details.

target_shape3-tuple of integers, optional

This parameter is passed to image.resample_img. Please see the related documentation for details.

low_passNone or float, optional

This parameter is passed to signal.clean. Please see the related documentation for details.

high_passNone or float, optional

This parameter is passed to signal.clean. Please see the related documentation for details.

t_rfloat, optional

This parameter is passed to signal.clean. Please see the related documentation for details.

mask_strategy{“background”, “epi”, “whole-brain-template”,”gm-template”, “wm-template”}, optional

The strategy used to compute the mask:

• “background”: Use this option if your images present a clear homogeneous background.

• “epi”: Use this option if your images are raw EPI images

• “whole-brain-template”: This will extract the whole-brain part of your data by resampling the MNI152 brain mask for your data’s field of view.

Note

This option is equivalent to the previous ‘template’ option which is now deprecated.

• “gm-template”: This will extract the gray matter part of your data by resampling the corresponding MNI152 template for your data’s field of view.

  Added in version 0.8.1.

• “wm-template”: This will extract the white matter part of your data by resampling the corresponding MNI152 template for your data’s field of view.

  Added in version 0.8.1.

Note

Depending on this value, the mask will be computed from nilearn.masking.compute_background_mask, nilearn.masking.compute_epi_mask, or nilearn.masking.compute_brain_mask.

Default=’epi’.

mask_argsdict, optional

If mask is None, these are additional parameters passed to nilearn.masking.compute_background_mask, or nilearn.masking.compute_epi_mask to fine-tune mask computation. Please see the related documentation for details.

memoryinstance of joblib.Memory or string, default=None

Used to cache the masking process. By default, no caching is done. If a string is given, it is the path to the caching directory. If None is passed will default to Memory(location=None).

memory_levelinteger, default=0

Rough estimator of the amount of memory used by caching. Higher value means more memory for caching.

n_jobsinteger, default=1

The number of CPUs to use to do the computation. -1 means ‘all CPUs’, -2 ‘all CPUs but one’, and so on.

verboseinteger, default=0

Indicate the level of verbosity. By default, nothing is printed.

Attributes:

components_2D numpy array (n_components x n-voxels)

Masked dictionary components extracted from the input images.

Note

Use attribute components_img_ rather than manually unmasking components_ with masker_ attribute.

components_img_4D Nifti image

4D image giving the extracted components. Each 3D image is a component.

Added in version 0.4.1.

masker_instance of MultiNiftiMasker

Masker used to filter and mask data as first step. If an instance of MultiNiftiMasker is given in mask parameter, this is a copy of it. Otherwise, a masker is created using the value of mask and other NiftiMasker related parameters as initialization.

mask_img_Niimg-like object

See Input and output: neuroimaging data representation. The mask of the data. If no mask was given at masker creation, contains the automatically computed mask.

References

[1]

Arthur Mensch, Gael Varoquaux, and Bertrand Thirion. Compressed online dictionary learning for fast resting-state fmri decomposition. In 2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), volume, 1282–1285. 2016. doi:10.1109/ISBI.2016.7493501.

__init__(n_components=20, n_epochs=1, alpha=10, reduction_ratio='auto', dict_init=None, random_state=None, batch_size=20, method='cd', mask=None, smoothing_fwhm=4, standardize=True, detrend=True, low_pass=None, high_pass=None, t_r=None, target_affine=None, target_shape=None, mask_strategy='epi', mask_args=None, n_jobs=1, verbose=0, memory=None, memory_level=0)

fit(imgs, y=None, confounds=None)

Compute the mask and the components across subjects.

Parameters:

imgslist of Niimg-like objects

See Input and output: neuroimaging data representation. Data on which the mask is calculated. If this is a list, the affine is considered the same for all.

confoundslist of CSV file paths, numpy.ndarrays

or pandas DataFrames, optional. This parameter is passed to nilearn.signal.clean. Please see the related documentation for details. Should match with the list of imgs given.

Returns:

selfobject

Returns the instance itself. Contains attributes listed at the object level.

fit_transform(X, y=None, **fit_params)

Fit to data, then transform it.

Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.

Parameters:

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Input samples.

yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs), default=None

Target values (None for unsupervised transformations).

**fit_paramsdict

Additional fit parameters.

Returns:

X_newndarray array of shape (n_samples, n_features_new)

Transformed array.

get_metadata_routing()

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Returns:

routingMetadataRequest

A MetadataRequest encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:

deepbool, default=True

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:

paramsdict

Parameter names mapped to their values.

inverse_transform(loadings)

Use provided loadings to compute corresponding linear component combination in whole-brain voxel space.

Parameters:

loadingslist of numpy array (n_samples x n_components)

Component signals to transform back into voxel signals

Returns:

reconstructed_imgslist of nibabel.Nifti1Image

For each loading, reconstructed Nifti1Image

score(imgs, confounds=None, per_component=False)

Score function based on explained variance on imgs.

Should only be used by DecompositionEstimator derived classes

Parameters:

imgsiterable of Niimg-like objects

See Input and output: neuroimaging data representation. Data to be scored

confoundsCSV file path or numpy.ndarray

or pandas DataFrame, optional This parameter is passed to nilearn.signal.clean. Please see the related documentation for details

per_componentbool, default=False

Specify whether the explained variance ratio is desired for each map or for the global set of components.

Returns:

scorefloat

Holds the score for each subjects. Score is two dimensional if per_component is True. First dimension is squeezed if the number of subjects is one

set_fit_request(*, confounds='$UNCHANGED$', imgs='$UNCHANGED$')

Request metadata passed to the fit method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

• True: metadata is requested, and passed to fit if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

• False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to fit.

• None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

• str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

confoundsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for confounds parameter in fit.

imgsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for imgs parameter in fit.

Returns:

selfobject

The updated object.

set_inverse_transform_request(*, loadings='$UNCHANGED$')

Request metadata passed to the inverse_transform method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

• True: metadata is requested, and passed to inverse_transform if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

• False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to inverse_transform.

• None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

• str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

loadingsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for loadings parameter in inverse_transform.

Returns:

selfobject

The updated object.

set_output(*, transform=None)

Set output container.

See Introducing the set_output API for an example on how to use the API.

Parameters:

transform{“default”, “pandas”}, default=None

Configure output of transform and fit_transform.

• “default”: Default output format of a transformer

• “pandas”: DataFrame output

• “polars”: Polars output

• None: Transform configuration is unchanged

Added in version 1.4: “polars” option was added.

Returns:

selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

set_params(**params)

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:

**paramsdict

Estimator parameters.

Returns:

selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

set_score_request(*, confounds='$UNCHANGED$', imgs='$UNCHANGED$', per_component='$UNCHANGED$')

Request metadata passed to the score method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

• True: metadata is requested, and passed to score if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

• False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to score.

• None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

• str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

confoundsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for confounds parameter in score.

imgsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for imgs parameter in score.

per_componentstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for per_component parameter in score.

Returns:

selfobject

The updated object.

set_transform_request(*, confounds='$UNCHANGED$', imgs='$UNCHANGED$')

Request metadata passed to the transform method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

• True: metadata is requested, and passed to transform if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

• False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to transform.

• None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

• str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

confoundsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for confounds parameter in transform.

imgsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for imgs parameter in transform.

Returns:

selfobject

The updated object.

transform(imgs, confounds=None)

Project the data into a reduced representation.

Parameters:

imgsiterable of Niimg-like objects

See Input and output: neuroimaging data representation. Data to be projected

confoundsCSV file path or numpy.ndarray

or pandas DataFrame, optional This parameter is passed to nilearn.signal.clean. Please see the related documentation for details

Returns:

loadingslist of 2D ndarray,

For each subject, each sample, loadings for each decomposition components shape: number of subjects * (number of scans, number of regions)

Examples using nilearn.decomposition.DictLearning

Deriving spatial maps from group fMRI data using ICA and Dictionary Learning

Deriving spatial maps from group fMRI data using ICA and Dictionary Learning

Regions extraction using dictionary learning and functional connectomes

Regions extraction using dictionary learning and functional connectomes