Note

Go to the end to download the full example code. or to run this example in your browser via Binder

FREM on Jimura et al “mixed gambles” dataset

In this example, we use fast ensembling of regularized models (FREM) to solve a regression problem, predicting the gain level corresponding to each beta maps regressed from mixed gambles experiment. FREM uses an implicit spatial regularization through fast clustering and aggregates a high number of estimators trained on various splits of the training set, thus returning a very robust decoder at a lower computational cost than other spatially regularized methods.

To have more details, see: FREM: fast ensembling of regularized models for robust decoding.

See the dataset description for more information on the data used in this example.

Load the data from the Jimura mixed-gamble experiment

from nilearn.datasets import fetch_mixed_gambles

data = fetch_mixed_gambles(n_subjects=16)

zmap_filenames = data.zmaps
behavioral_target = data.gain.to_numpy().ravel()
mask_filename = data.mask_img

[fetch_mixed_gambles] Dataset created in
/home/runner/nilearn_data/jimura_poldrack_2012_zmaps
[fetch_mixed_gambles] Downloading data from
https://www.nitrc.org/frs/download.php/7229/jimura_poldrack_2012_zmaps.zip ...
[fetch_mixed_gambles] Downloaded 20815872 of 104293434 bytes (20.0%%,    4.0s
remaining)
[fetch_mixed_gambles] Downloaded 49520640 of 104293434 bytes (47.5%%,    2.2s
remaining)
[fetch_mixed_gambles]  ...done. (3 seconds, 0 min)

[fetch_mixed_gambles] Extracting data from
/home/runner/nilearn_data/jimura_poldrack_2012_zmaps/a4c8868ab5c651b8594da6f3204
ded3a/jimura_poldrack_2012_zmaps.zip...
[fetch_mixed_gambles] .. done.

Fit FREM

We compare both of these models to a pipeline ensembling many models

import warnings

from sklearn.exceptions import ConvergenceWarning

from nilearn.decoding import FREMRegressor

frem = FREMRegressor("svr", cv=10, standardize="zscore_sample", verbose=1)

with warnings.catch_warnings():
    warnings.filterwarnings(action="ignore", category=ConvergenceWarning)
    frem.fit(zmap_filenames, behavioral_target)

[FREMRegressor.fit] Loading data from [<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at
0x7fd05e26dac0>, <nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26d940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26d2e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26dc10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26d760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26d250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26d070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26df10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26d7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26deb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26d460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e8e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e7f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7ec40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e2e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7ed30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7eb80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7e100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7ed00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7eb20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7ec70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f7ed90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1bc70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039a90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820392b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039d00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820395e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039c70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820393a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820396d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082039550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9edc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9ed820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9ed310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9edca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9edd60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9eda60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9ed910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9ed700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9ed5e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9ed340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9ed370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07b981550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9eda00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ef8280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9eda30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e2531f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ef8370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a9ed9a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa99a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa91c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa97c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa98b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9ca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa90a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085aa9040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da84c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8bb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da85e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8eb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da86a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8dc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085da8e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aaa00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aaa30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aac40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aaf10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aaac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa6d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa6a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa1c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa5b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0858aa910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893d60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0818939d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893a90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893a60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893bb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0818939a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081893f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d726a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d72df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d724c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef16d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef19d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd059ef1130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b0a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2bd90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b3d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b6a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2bfd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2ba30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b2e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e4ab9d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2b910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2bb50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2bc70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d2bdc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5a00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db57f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c76aeb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5af0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085db5940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13a00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a131c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13d60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13bb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a138b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a13be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1f220>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1f730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1f100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1fe80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1f460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1ffa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1fb50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1f6d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1fa00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1f520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1f3a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1f940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085f1fa60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d04f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0eb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0b20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d09d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d09a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d03d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0822d0d90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c79ba90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c79b520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c79b790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c79b3a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c79b910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c79b370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c79b490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bcca60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bcc310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bcc610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bccd00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bcc820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bcc280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bcc970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bcc400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bcc370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085bccd30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6d670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6dd60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6d460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6d370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6d790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6deb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6d400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6d8e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6d550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6dc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6d250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6df10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd057f6da90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c786760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c786550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c786df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c786b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c7868e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c786f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c7866a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c786370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a9a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252ae50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252aa00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252aaf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a9d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252ad30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a6d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252ad90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252a760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08252ac40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0818862b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0818862e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0818866d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0818864f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886c70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0818861c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081886b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb66d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb65e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6bb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6a60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb69d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd04bbb6df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0819e0460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0819e0280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0819e0eb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0821291c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0821295e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129220>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0821299a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0821299d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0821296d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129d90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0821290d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0821297f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082129be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d621f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62a90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d627c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62d90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d62fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052c70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052ca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820524f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052d30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820525e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820521f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820527f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052220>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820528b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052af0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082052e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820526a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c4f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c1f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2cd60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c8b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2cf10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2c0d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2ca30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2cc70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2ca90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f2cd90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d0a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1dc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d5b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1dd90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d0d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1da60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e1d3a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014b50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014ca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820145b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820141c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820140a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014dc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014d60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0820148b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014a00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014c70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd082014340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1da60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1dc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1df40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d3a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d0a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1ddc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1d8e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972220>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972a60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972a00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859726a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859721c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859722e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859723a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972d00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859729d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085972a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e718e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71f10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e719d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71eb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71d90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e713d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e71610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e713a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b21c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b24f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b2e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859b25e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825eb280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825eb6d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825eba30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825eb0d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825eb370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825eb670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825ebca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825eb2b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825ebfd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0825eb9d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e2372b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e237850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e237130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e237f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e237790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e2375b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e2374f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e237460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e237550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e237160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27fc10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f0d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f9a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f7f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f5e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27fa30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f8b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27faf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e27f280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80af0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80d30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e802b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e807f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e801f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80a90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e80190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085e808b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebec40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebebb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebeeb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebe250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebea60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebe670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebe760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebef70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebe640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebeee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebe1f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebe4f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebee20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebed30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ebe820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6a00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6b50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6c70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6d30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6fd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd69d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085dd6670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7aaf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a0a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7aa60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a4c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a8b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7ad30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a2b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7aa00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7aa30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a6d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085d7a0d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df39a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df35e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3ca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df33d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3c70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df31f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df37c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3d00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085df3580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a946d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94a60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94f10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94bb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94b20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a940d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a94a90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b017c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01c70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b014c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b018b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b014f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b01fd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b016d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085b015b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ea3dc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ea3ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ea3f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ea3d30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ea3cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ea3c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ea3be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085ea39a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26e8e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26e6a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26ecd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26ec40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26e1f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26e490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26e130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26e640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26e3a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e26e040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0a550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0a940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0a190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0a520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0ac70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0afa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0a8b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0aa90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0a790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0adf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0aa00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0a820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0abe0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd039d0a280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a11f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a17f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1b20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a16a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a10d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a18e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a13a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05a6a1fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb84f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8dc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb83a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f6c190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f6cc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f6c1c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f6c970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd081f6cd30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1b460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1bbb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1b670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1b850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1b310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1bd00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085a1bbe0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb81c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085eb8a60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c725700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c7257f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c7256a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c725880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c725d30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c725e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c725730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c725760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd07c725ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d7f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201dee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201dc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d0d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d1c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d4c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201d850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd08201da90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859288b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859287c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859289d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859284f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859281c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859283a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0859286a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928b50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd085928190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0af0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e05e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e09d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0220>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0779e0850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19d310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19dd00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19d760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19da60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19d040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19db80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19d9d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19d340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19d160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19db50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19db20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19ddf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19daf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd05e19d7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823abd30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823abb20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823abeb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823abf40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823abe80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab7f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823abc10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab220>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab5e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823abe50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823abcd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd0823ab850>]
[FREMRegressor.fit] Computing mask
[FREMRegressor.fit] Resamping mask
[FREMRegressor.fit] Finished fit
[FREMRegressor.fit] Loading data from <nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at
0x7fd05e26d400>
[FREMRegressor.fit] Extracting region signals
[FREMRegressor.fit] Cleaning extracted signals
/home/runner/work/nilearn/nilearn/examples/02_decoding/plot_mixed_gambles_frem.py:46: UserWarning: Brain mask is bigger than the standard human brain. This object is probably not tuned to be used on such data.
  frem.fit(zmap_filenames, behavioral_target)
[FREMRegressor.fit] Mask volume = 2.12333e+06mm^3 = 2123.33cm^3
[FREMRegressor.fit] Standard brain volume = 1.82724e+06mm^3
[FREMRegressor.fit] Original screening-percentile: 20
[FREMRegressor.fit] Corrected screening-percentile: 17.2111
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Using backend SequentialBackend with 1 concurrent workers.
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done   1 out of   1 | elapsed:    2.2s remaining:    0.0s
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done  10 out of  10 | elapsed:   19.9s finished
[FREMRegressor.fit] Computing image from signals
[FREMRegressor.fit] Computing image from signals

Visualize FREM weights

from nilearn.plotting import plot_stat_map, show

plot_stat_map(
    frem.coef_img_["beta"],
    title="FREM",
    display_mode="yz",
    cut_coords=[20, -2],
    threshold=0.2,
)

show()
plot mixed gambles frem

We can observe that the coefficients map learnt by FREM is structured, due to the spatial regularity imposed by working on clusters and model ensembling. Although these maps have been thresholded for display, they are not sparse (i.e. almost all voxels have non-zero coefficients).

See also

other example using FREM, and related section of user guide.

Example use of TV-L1 SpaceNet

SpaceNet is another method available in Nilearn to decode with spatially sparse models. Depending on the penalty that is used, it yields either very structured maps (TV-L1) or unstructured maps (graph_net). Because of their heavy computational costs, these methods are not demonstrated on this example but you can try them easily if you have a few minutes. Example code is included below.

from nilearn.decoding import SpaceNetRegressor

# We use the regressor object since the task is to predict a continuous
# variable (gain of the gamble).

tv_l1 = SpaceNetRegressor(
    mask=mask_filename,
    penalty="tv-l1",
    eps=1e-1,  # prefer large alphas
    memory="nilearn_cache",
    n_jobs=2,
)
# tv_l1.fit(zmap_filenames, behavioral_target)
# plot_stat_map(tv_l1.coef_img_, title="TV-L1", display_mode="yz",
#               cut_coords=[20, -2])

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 32.152 seconds)

Estimated memory usage: 3089 MB

Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery