Note

Go to the end to download the full example code or to run this example in your browser via Binder.

FREM on Jimura et al “mixed gambles” dataset

In this example, we use fast ensembling of regularized models (FREM) to solve a regression problem, predicting the gain level corresponding to each beta maps regressed from mixed gambles experiment. FREM uses an implicit spatial regularization through fast clustering and aggregates a high number of estimators trained on various splits of the training set, thus returning a very robust decoder at a lower computational cost than other spatially regularized methods.

To have more details, see: FREM: fast ensembling of regularized models for robust decoding.

See the dataset description for more information on the data used in this example.

Load the data from the Jimura mixed-gamble experiment

from nilearn.datasets import fetch_mixed_gambles

data = fetch_mixed_gambles(n_subjects=16)

zmap_filenames = data.zmaps
behavioral_target = data.gain.to_numpy().ravel()
mask_filename = data.mask_img

[fetch_mixed_gambles] Dataset created in
/home/runner/nilearn_data/jimura_poldrack_2012_zmaps
[fetch_mixed_gambles] Downloading data from
https://www.nitrc.org/frs/download.php/7229/jimura_poldrack_2012_zmaps.zip ...
[fetch_mixed_gambles]  ...done. (1 seconds, 0 min)

[fetch_mixed_gambles] Extracting data from
/home/runner/nilearn_data/jimura_poldrack_2012_zmaps/a4c8868ab5c651b8594da6f3204
ded3a/jimura_poldrack_2012_zmaps.zip...
[fetch_mixed_gambles] .. done.

Fit FREM

We compare both of these models to a pipeline ensembling many models

import warnings

from sklearn.exceptions import ConvergenceWarning

from nilearn.decoding import FREMRegressor

frem = FREMRegressor("svr", cv=10, verbose=1)

with warnings.catch_warnings():
    warnings.filterwarnings(action="ignore", category=ConvergenceWarning)
    frem.fit(zmap_filenames, behavioral_target)

[FREMRegressor.fit] Loading data from [<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at
0x7fd5e3a05f30>, <nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a054b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a06bf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a04d90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a052d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a073d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a04e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a05990>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a05330>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a053f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a07550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a04520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a071f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a076d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a06890>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a07910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a06d10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a07160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a07400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a04a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a07970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a07610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a04b20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a073a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a07490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a05390>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a05450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a05120>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a06e30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3a078e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ae590>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ad3c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52acb80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52adae0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52afc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ad9f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52aefe0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac0d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52afd90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ae440>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ae980>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52aded0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52af070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ad360>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52acb50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac2b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52af040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52acc70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ad2a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52aec80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ad6f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52acc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ae170>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52aead0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52af430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52af3a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ae4d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ae110>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52afac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac0a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ad5d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52aeec0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52afc10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52aea10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52af4c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52af490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ae320>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ad090>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ae050>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52af0a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ade40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ad690>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac3d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52adde0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e52ac670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b38b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b10c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b22f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b25c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0ca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1330>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2e00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2da0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1960>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2f80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2e30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0d00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3a30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2770>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0eb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2800>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2dd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2bf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b13c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b03d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b01c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1660>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3010>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b37c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1870>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2cb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3e20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2b90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b23e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1d20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1c00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2b00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1030>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b0130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2560>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1000>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b2920>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b1f90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b17e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b03a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b3910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e37b19f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9f30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9de0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e8760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9c00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9a50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e8310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb2b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9420>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea6e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e80d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9b10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eba60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea170>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9e10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9060>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb9d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eada0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea8f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb6d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e8f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ebb20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e98a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea890>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea200>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e8100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb1c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea3b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb0d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ebd60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e91b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea0e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eafb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e86d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e8490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea1a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e9540>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea800>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea4d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ebc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ebca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e8cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e85b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e81f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e8a90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3eb970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3965540>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3e8640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1738c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5bc3ea320>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1738e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5b48460>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5b48400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5b49060>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c174f970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5b49b10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c174d690>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5b4b0a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e6830>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e6b90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e67a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e4760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e6680>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e4b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e5c00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7ca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e6650>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e5f90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7d60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7cd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e5a50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e74c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e5ae0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e6fe0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7bb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12e7fa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53ef250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53efbb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53ef490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53ef2b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e36458a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53edbd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3647430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5d66bf3a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3647880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1578580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1578730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c141a6e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c141a530>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c15796c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c15787c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e0e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e440>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d9c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f6a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e770>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d4e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518da50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fcd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518ed40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d420>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d2a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518eef0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518ee30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e590>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fa00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e9e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e830>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fe80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518cdc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fa30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c7f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518cd60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d1e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fa60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518dfc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f2e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fb20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fb80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518ef50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518db70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d0f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d570>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d840>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fd60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f010>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518ceb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d6c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518dc00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e530>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518ec20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518fe20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518d300>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518dd20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e860>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c0a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518cf40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518e980>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518f8b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e518c070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc9870>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccb6a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccba90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccbd00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccb250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc8850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc8b50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc9cc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc9000>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccb880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc91b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccbb80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cca200>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccbcd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc8b20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cca3b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cca590>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc88b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc9450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccac50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc80d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc9210>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccaf80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cc9780>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2cca560>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccbb50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e2ccaec0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fb940>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa770>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fb1f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9120>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fbd60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9210>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa800>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fb5b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9ab0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa8f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fbc40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa290>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fad40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f86d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9750>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa1a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa830>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fb550>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9030>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56faef0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9ba0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f91b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f8be0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9480>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fba00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fb040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f8610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fac50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fbf70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f94e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fb880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f8070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9720>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fb7f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f99f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa4d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f92d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa440>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9d50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fbf10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fbee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56faf80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9c00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f8490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f91e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fbbe0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa9e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f8ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56fa2f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e56f9090>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3005e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302f20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300f10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3034f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3038b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302d10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301330>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302620>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303ca0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3017e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301000>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302d70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3019f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302a40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302c50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301960>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302ad0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302d40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301e40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300af0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302680>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3020e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302920>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301c00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302380>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3023e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301060>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302110>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3021a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301150>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b302ec0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301ba0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b303790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300d30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3027d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b301270>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b3004c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd57b300df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1724850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c17251b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c17277f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1726050>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4feb400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fe8370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4feaa40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fea470>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fea2f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fe8820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fea410>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fe80a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4febdf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fea230>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4feac80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fead70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f97610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f97c40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f97e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f96410>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f94850>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f94070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f96200>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f96530>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f95f90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c0f97b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122cf70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122c700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122ccd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122d480>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122d990>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122f3a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122dab0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122c160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122c4f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122c310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122da50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122d1e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122c190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122d510>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122c280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122d900>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122c8e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e1bbc070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122d9f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122d060>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c158a8f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122caf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fa6350>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1588430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e4fa7eb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c122c6d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c17b9f60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3ac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d1960>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d0760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d1750>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3130>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3790>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d22f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d1ea0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d1660>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d1570>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d2ec0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3400>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d32e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d1450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11d3a90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171f100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171dfc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171e200>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171d510>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171d5d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171dff0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171e110>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171fb20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171d540>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e39ae9e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171d090>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c14db6d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c171de10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c14da320>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c17026e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c14d9a50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1701c00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1702290>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5a2eb90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5a2ff40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5a2dae0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5a2d0c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101e5c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101e3e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101f100>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101f5e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101f580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101e4a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101f820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101f250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5a83cd600>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c101e410>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5a83ce590>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5a83cded0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5a83cda20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1bef820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1befd90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1bef730>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1beffa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1bed000>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1bef220>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1bef760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1befa00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1beff10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1bef6a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1bef5b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e373e3b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e373ccd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e373fe50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e373f1c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12f1450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12f3670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c12f1ab0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1529420>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c152a2c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c152ace0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1529300>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c152b970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1528b20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1529270>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab65f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6860>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6500>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6ce0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab5540>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab62f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7d30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7a90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab72b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6c80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab4430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6f20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab5120>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab4b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6e30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6da0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab52a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6170>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7e80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6830>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab69b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7610>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab63b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab4fd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab4820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7bb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6890>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7d00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab42b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6680>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab5d50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7580>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab4250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab70d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab5a20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab71c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab73a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab59f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6920>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7a00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab77c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab4970>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab5f60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab74f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6ec0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6320>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6b60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6d10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab5f90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab64d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab5cc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6b30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab5270>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab6bf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab4f70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5ab7820>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188d60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118bf70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118afb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188f40>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189f60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11890c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118bb50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118a320>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188b20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118bac0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118b220>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188070>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189fc0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11895d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118b250>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188af0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188e50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118add0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118bbe0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118a8f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118be50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118b880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118a560>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118a200>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188160>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118a8c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189870>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118beb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118aaa0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11891b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11883d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118a5f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118b8e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118b190>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118bf10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11883a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189030>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118bd90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118bd60>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1072b30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5d6071d50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5d6070c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5d6072050>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5d60723e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11885e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118b7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189ff0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1188370>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118af20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118ad70>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118b430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189270>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118ae90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118b670>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118bfd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189c00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11899c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189cf0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c118ba30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c1189000>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5c11885b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ef310>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ec7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ece50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57eccd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ed4e0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ee860>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57edea0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ee440>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ef7c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57efe20>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57eff10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57edba0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57edb10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57edab0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ee2c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ed5d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57edc30>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ec490>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ed660>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ec700>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ec9d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ef9a0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57eddb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ed180>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ed510>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ed480>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ed150>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ec760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ef340>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57efe50>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ec430>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ed210>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ec640>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57edc00>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ee170>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ecd90>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ef040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ec1f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57efe80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e57ee740>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53850c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5387df0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53872b0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5385930>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5385360>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53879d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5384520>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e53865f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e5384eb0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e38112d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e38136d0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3810ee0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3811d80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3813040>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3810760>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e38113f0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3811450>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3813c10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3810280>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3813f10>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3813880>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3813af0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3813910>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3812020>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3812dd0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3813010>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e38110c0>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3810b80>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3812290>,
<nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at 0x7fd5e3811c00>]
[FREMRegressor.fit] Computing mask
[FREMRegressor.fit] Resampling mask
[FREMRegressor.fit] Finished fit
[FREMRegressor.fit] Loading data from <nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image object at
0x7fd5d61e71c0>
[FREMRegressor.fit] Extracting region signals
[FREMRegressor.fit] Cleaning extracted signals
/home/runner/work/nilearn/nilearn/examples/02_decoding/plot_mixed_gambles_frem.py:46: MaskWarning:

Brain mask (2123327.999999999 mm^3) is bigger than the standard human brain (1882989.0 mm^3).This object is probably not tuned to be used on such data.

[FREMRegressor.fit] Mask volume = 2.12333e+06mm^3 = 2123.33cm^3
[FREMRegressor.fit] Standard brain volume = 1.88299e+06mm^3
[FREMRegressor.fit] Original screening-percentile: 20
[FREMRegressor.fit] Corrected screening-percentile: 17.7362
[FREMRegressor.fit] The decoding model will be trained on 564 features.
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done  10 out of  10 | elapsed:   18.5s finished
[FREMRegressor.fit] Computing image from signals
[FREMRegressor.fit] Computing image from signals

Visualize FREM weights

from nilearn.plotting import plot_stat_map, show

plot_stat_map(
    frem.coef_img_["beta"],
    title="FREM",
    display_mode="yz",
    cut_coords=[20, -2],
    threshold=0.2,
)

show()
plot mixed gambles frem

We can observe that the coefficients map learnt by FREM is structured, due to the spatial regularity imposed by working on clusters and model ensembling. Although these maps have been thresholded for display, they are not sparse (i.e. almost all voxels have non-zero coefficients).

See also

other example using FREM, and related section of user guide.

Example use of TV-L1 SpaceNet

SpaceNet is another method available in Nilearn to decode with spatially sparse models. Depending on the penalty that is used, it yields either very structured maps (TV-L1) or unstructured maps (graph_net). Because of their heavy computational costs, these methods are not demonstrated on this example but you can try them easily if you have a few minutes. Example code is included below.

from nilearn.decoding import SpaceNetRegressor

# We use the regressor object since the task is to predict a continuous
# variable (gain of the gamble).

tv_l1 = SpaceNetRegressor(
    mask=mask_filename,
    penalty="tv-l1",
    eps=1e-1,  # prefer large alphas
    memory="nilearn_cache",
    n_jobs=2,
    verbose=1,
)
# tv_l1.fit(zmap_filenames, behavioral_target)
# plot_stat_map(tv_l1.coef_img_, title="TV-L1", display_mode="yz",
#               cut_coords=[20, -2])

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 28.332 seconds)

Estimated memory usage: 1980 MB

Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery