Note

This page is a reference documentation. It only explains the class signature, and not how to use it. Please refer to the user guide for the big picture.

nilearn.regions.RegionExtractor

class nilearn.regions.RegionExtractor(maps_img, mask_img=None, min_region_size=1350, threshold=1.0, thresholding_strategy='ratio_n_voxels', extractor='local_regions', smoothing_fwhm=6, standardize=False, standardize_confounds=True, detrend=False, low_pass=None, high_pass=None, t_r=None, memory=None, memory_level=0, verbose=0)

Class for brain region extraction.

Region Extraction is a post processing technique which is implemented to automatically segment each brain atlas maps into different set of separated brain activated region. Particularly, to show that each decomposed brain maps can be used to focus on a target specific Regions of Interest analysis.

See Abraham et al.[1].

Added in version 0.2.

Parameters:

maps_img4D Niimg-like object

Image containing a set of whole brain atlas maps or statistically decomposed brain maps.

mask_imgNiimg-like object or None, optional

Mask to be applied to input data, passed to NiftiMapsMasker. If None, no masking is applied.

min_region_sizefloat, default=1350

Minimum volume in mm3 for a region to be kept. For example, if the voxel size is 3x3x3 mm then the volume of the voxel is 27mm^3. The default of 1350mm^3 means we take minimum size of 1350 / 27 = 50 voxels.

thresholdnumber, default=1.0

A value used either in ratio_n_voxels or img_value or percentile thresholding_strategy based upon the choice of selection.

thresholding_strategystr {‘ratio_n_voxels’, ‘img_value’, ‘percentile’}, default=’ratio_n_voxels’

If default ‘ratio_n_voxels’, we apply thresholding that will keep the more intense nonzero brain voxels (denoted as n_voxels) across all maps (n_voxels being the number of voxels in the brain volume). A float value given in threshold parameter indicates the ratio of voxels to keep meaning (if float=2. then maps will together have 2. x n_voxels non-zero voxels). If set to ‘percentile’, images are thresholded based on the score obtained with the given percentile on the data and the voxel intensities which are survived above this obtained score will be kept. If set to ‘img_value’, we apply thresholding based on the non-zero voxel intensities across all maps. A value given in threshold parameter indicates that we keep only those voxels which have intensities more than this value.

extractor{“local_regions”, “connected_components”}, default=”local_regions”

This option can take two values:

• "connected_components": each component/region in the image is extracted automatically by labelling each region based upon the presence of unique features in their respective regions.

• "local_regions": each component/region is extracted based on their maximum peak value to define a seed marker and then using random walker segmentation algorithm on these markers for region separation.

smoothing_fwhmfloat, optional.

If smoothing_fwhm is not None, it gives the full-width at half maximum in millimeters of the spatial smoothing to apply to the signal. Use this parameter to smooth an image to extract most sparser regions.

Note

This parameter is passed to nilearn.regions.connected_regions. It will be used only if extractor='local_regions'.

Note

Please set this parameter according to maps resolution, otherwise extraction will fail.

Default=6mm.

standardizebool, default=False

If standardize is True, the data are centered and normed: their mean is put to 0 and their variance is put to 1 in the time dimension.

Note

Recommended to set to True if signals are not already standardized. Passed to NiftiMapsMasker.

standardize_confoundsbool, default=True

If set to True, the confounds are z-scored: their mean is put to 0 and their variance to 1 in the time dimension.

detrendbool, optional

Whether to detrend signals or not.

Note

Passed to nilearn.signal.clean.

Default=False.

low_passfloat or None, default=None

Low cutoff frequency in Hertz. If specified, signals above this frequency will be filtered out. If None, no low-pass filtering will be performed.

Note

Passed to nilearn.signal.clean.

high_passfloat, default=None

High cutoff frequency in Hertz. If specified, signals below this frequency will be filtered out.

Note

Passed to nilearn.signal.clean.

t_rfloat or None, default=None

Repetition time, in seconds (sampling period). Set to None if not provided.

Note

Passed to nilearn.signal.clean.

memoryNone, instance of joblib.Memory, str, or pathlib.Path

Used to cache the masking process. By default, no caching is done. If a str is given, it is the path to the caching directory.

memory_levelint, default=0

Rough estimator of the amount of memory used by caching. Higher value means more memory for caching. Zero means no caching.

verboseint, default=0

Verbosity level (0 means no message).

Attributes:

index_numpy.ndarray

Array of list of indices where each index value is assigned to each separate region of its corresponding family of brain maps.

regions_img_nibabel.nifti1.Nifti1Image

List of separated regions with each region lying on an original volume concatenated into a 4D image.

See also

nilearn.regions.connected_label_regions

A function can be readily used for extraction of regions on labels based atlas images.

References

[1]

Alexandre Abraham, Elvis Dohmatob, Bertrand Thirion, Dimitris Samaras, and Gael Varoquaux. Region segmentation for sparse decompositions: better brain parcellations from rest fMRI. Sparsity Techniques in Medical Imaging, September 2014. URL: https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01093944.

__init__(maps_img, mask_img=None, min_region_size=1350, threshold=1.0, thresholding_strategy='ratio_n_voxels', extractor='local_regions', smoothing_fwhm=6, standardize=False, standardize_confounds=True, detrend=False, low_pass=None, high_pass=None, t_r=None, memory=None, memory_level=0, verbose=0)

fit(X=None, y=None)

Prepare the data and setup for the region extraction.

fit_transform(imgs, confounds=None, sample_mask=None)

Prepare and perform signal extraction.

generate_report(displayed_maps=10)

Generate an HTML report for the current NiftiMapsMasker object.

Note

This functionality requires to have Matplotlib installed.

Parameters:

displayed_mapsint, or list, or ndarray, or “all”, default=10

Indicates which maps will be displayed in the HTML report.

• If “all”: All maps will be displayed in the report.

masker.generate_report("all")

• If a list or ndarray: This indicates the indices of the maps to be displayed in the report. For example, the following code will generate a report with maps 6, 3, and 12, displayed in this specific order:

masker.generate_report([6, 3, 12])

• If an int: This will only display the first n maps, n being the value of the parameter. By default, the report will only contain the first 10 maps. Example to display the first 16 maps:

masker.generate_report(16)

Returns:

reportnilearn.reporting.html_report.HTMLReport

HTML report for the masker.

get_metadata_routing()

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Returns:

routingMetadataRequest

A MetadataRequest encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:

deepbool, default=True

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:

paramsdict

Parameter names mapped to their values.

inverse_transform(region_signals)

Compute voxel signals from region signals.

Any mask given at initialization is taken into account.

Parameters:

region_signals1D/2D numpy.ndarray

Signal for each region. If a 1D array is provided, then the shape should be (number of elements,), and a 3D img will be returned. If a 2D array is provided, then the shape should be (number of scans, number of elements), and a 4D img will be returned.

Returns:

voxel_signalsnibabel.Nifti1Image

Signal for each voxel. shape: that of maps.

set_fit_request(*, imgs='$UNCHANGED$')

Request metadata passed to the fit method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

• True: metadata is requested, and passed to fit if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

• False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to fit.

• None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

• str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

imgsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for imgs parameter in fit.

Returns:

selfobject

The updated object.

set_inverse_transform_request(*, region_signals='$UNCHANGED$')

Request metadata passed to the inverse_transform method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

• True: metadata is requested, and passed to inverse_transform if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

• False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to inverse_transform.

• None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

• str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

region_signalsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for region_signals parameter in inverse_transform.

Returns:

selfobject

The updated object.

set_output(*, transform=None)

Set output container.

See Introducing the set_output API for an example on how to use the API.

Parameters:

transform{“default”, “pandas”}, default=None

Configure output of transform and fit_transform.

• “default”: Default output format of a transformer

• “pandas”: DataFrame output

• “polars”: Polars output

• None: Transform configuration is unchanged

Added in version 1.4: “polars” option was added.

Returns:

selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

set_params(**params)

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:

**paramsdict

Estimator parameters.

Returns:

selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

set_transform_request(*, confounds='$UNCHANGED$', imgs='$UNCHANGED$', sample_mask='$UNCHANGED$')

Request metadata passed to the transform method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

• True: metadata is requested, and passed to transform if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.

• False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to transform.

• None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.

• str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

Added in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

confoundsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for confounds parameter in transform.

imgsstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for imgs parameter in transform.

sample_maskstr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED

Metadata routing for sample_mask parameter in transform.

Returns:

selfobject

The updated object.

transform(imgs, confounds=None, sample_mask=None)

Apply mask, spatial and temporal preprocessing.

Parameters:

imgs3D/4D Niimg-like object

See Input and output: neuroimaging data representation. Images to process. If a 3D niimg is provided, a singleton dimension will be added to the output to represent the single scan in the niimg.

confoundsCSV file or array-like, optional

This parameter is passed to signal.clean. Please see the related documentation for details. shape: (number of scans, number of confounds)

sample_maskAny type compatible with numpy-array indexing, optional

shape: (number of scans - number of volumes removed, ) Masks the niimgs along time/fourth dimension to perform scrubbing (remove volumes with high motion) and/or non-steady-state volumes. This parameter is passed to signal.clean.

Added in version 0.8.0.

Returns:

region_signals2D numpy.ndarray

Signal for each element. shape: (number of scans, number of elements)

Warns:

DeprecationWarning

If a 3D niimg input is provided, the current behavior (adding a singleton dimension to produce a 2D array) is deprecated. Starting in version 0.12, a 1D array will be returned for 3D inputs.

transform_single_imgs(imgs, confounds=None, sample_mask=None)

Extract signals from a single 4D niimg.

Parameters:

imgs3D/4D Niimg-like object

See Input and output: neuroimaging data representation. Images to process. If a 3D niimg is provided, a singleton dimension will be added to the output to represent the single scan in the niimg.

confoundsCSV file or array-like, optional

This parameter is passed to signal.clean. Please see the related documentation for details. shape: (number of scans, number of confounds)

sample_maskAny type compatible with numpy-array indexing, optional

shape: (number of scans - number of volumes removed, ) Masks the niimgs along time/fourth dimension to perform scrubbing (remove volumes with high motion) and/or non-steady-state volumes. This parameter is passed to signal.clean.

Added in version 0.8.0.

Returns:

region_signals2D numpy.ndarray

Signal for each map. shape: (number of scans, number of maps)

Warns:

DeprecationWarning

If a 3D niimg input is provided, the current behavior (adding a singleton dimension to produce a 2D array) is deprecated. Starting in version 0.12, a 1D array will be returned for 3D inputs.

Examples using nilearn.regions.RegionExtractor

Regions extraction using dictionary learning and functional connectomes

Regions extraction using dictionary learning and functional connectomes

Regions Extraction of Default Mode Networks using Smith Atlas

Regions Extraction of Default Mode Networks using Smith Atlas