"""
Basic nilearn example: manipulating and looking at data
=======================================================

A simple example showing how to load an existing Nifti file and use
basic nilearn functionalities.
"""

# Let us use a Nifti file that is shipped with nilearn
from nilearn.datasets import MNI152_FILE_PATH

# Note that the variable MNI152_FILE_PATH is just a path to a Nifti file
print(f"Path to MNI152 template: {MNI152_FILE_PATH!r}")

# %%
# A first step: looking at our data
# ----------------------------------
#
# Let's quickly plot this file:
from nilearn import plotting

plotting.plot_img(MNI152_FILE_PATH)

# %%
# This is not a very pretty plot. We just used the simplest possible
# code. There is a whole :ref:`section of the documentation <plotting>`
# on making prettier code.
#
# **Exercise**: Try plotting one of your own files. In the above,
# MNI152_FILE_PATH is nothing more than a string with a path pointing to
# a nifti image. You can replace it with a string pointing to a file on
# your disk. Note that it should be a 3D volume, and not a 4D volume.

# %%
# Simple image manipulation: smoothing
# ------------------------------------
#
# Let's use an image-smoothing function from nilearn:
# :func:`~nilearn.image.smooth_img`
#
# Functions containing 'img' can take either a filename or an image as input.
#
# Here we give as inputs the image filename and the smoothing value in mm
from nilearn import image

smooth_anat_img = image.smooth_img(MNI152_FILE_PATH, fwhm=3)

# While we are giving a file name as input, the function returns
# an in-memory object:
smooth_anat_img

# %%
# This is an in-memory object. We can pass it to nilearn function, for
# instance to look at it
plotting.plot_img(smooth_anat_img)

# %%
# We could also pass it to the smoothing function
more_smooth_anat_img = image.smooth_img(smooth_anat_img, fwhm=3)
plotting.plot_img(more_smooth_anat_img)


# %%
# Globbing over multiple 3D volumes
# ---------------------------------
# Nilearn also supports reading multiple volumes at once,
# using glob-style patterns.
# For instance, we can smooth volumes from many subjects
# at once and get a 4D image as output.

# %%
# First let's fetch Haxby dataset for subject 1 and 2
from nilearn import datasets

haxby = datasets.fetch_haxby(subjects=[1, 2])

# %%
# Now we can find the anatomical images from both
# subjects using the `*` wildcard
from pathlib import Path

anats_all_subjects = (
    Path(datasets.get_data_dirs()[0]) / "haxby2001" / "subj*" / "anat*"
)

# %%
# Now we can smooth all the anatomical images at once
anats_all_subjects_smooth = image.smooth_img(anats_all_subjects, fwhm=5)

# %%
# This is a 4D image containing one volume per subject
print(anats_all_subjects_smooth.shape)

# %%
# Saving results to a file
# -------------------------
#
# We can save any in-memory object as follows:
output_dir = Path.cwd() / "results" / "plot_nilearn_101"
output_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
print(f"Output will be saved to: {output_dir}")
anats_all_subjects_smooth.to_filename(
    output_dir / "anats_all_subjects_smooth.nii.gz"
)

# %%
# Finally, calling plotting.show() is necessary to display the figure
# when running as a script outside IPython
plotting.show()

# %%
# |
#
# ______
#
# To recap, all the nilearn tools can take data as filenames or
# glob-style patterns or in-memory objects, and return brain
# volumes as in-memory objects. These can be
# passed on to other nilearn tools, or saved to disk.

# sphinx_gallery_dummy_images=1